Vaginal infections are common conditions that occur when there is an overgrowth of harmful microorganisms in the vagina. In the field of clinical medicine, vaginal inflammation and infections are referred to as Vaginitis. There are many different types of pathogenic organisms found within the micro flora of the vagina.
Out of different pathogens, the most common types of vaginal infections in reproductive-age women includes:
Yeast infections: Caused by an overgrowth of Candida fungus, yeast infections typically cause itching, burning, and a thick, white, smelly discharge.
Bacterial vaginosis: This is caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. Symptoms include a fishy smell, itching, and a thin, grayish-white discharge.
Trichomoniasis: An infection transmitted through sexual contact due to the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms include itching, burning, and a frothy, yellow-green discharge.
Other less common vaginal infections include vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulvodynia, and atrophic vaginitis.
Patients frequently complain of unusual vaginal discharge, itchiness, a burning sensation, discomfort, and irritation. Yet, some vaginal infections have no or minimal symptoms. It is important to see a healthcare provider if you suspect you have a vaginal infection, as many of the symptoms are similar and can be caused by other conditions. Women who have vaginal infections face a substantial morbidity risk. They can result in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if left untreated, which can have long-term consequences like tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, reproductive problems, and undesirable pregnancy complications (like preterm pregnancy and childbirth and low newborn weight).
Your healthcare provider will perform a physical examination, ask about your symptoms, and may take a sample of vaginal discharge for testing. Options of Bacterial vaginosis treatment, Yeast infections, and Trichomoniasis treatments may include medication including Probiotics for women or other interventions.
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